Xerosis, commonly known as dry skin, is one of the most common dermatologic concerns. It occurs when the skin loses too much water and natural oils, leading to a weakened skin barrier. While dry skin can affect anyone, it is especially common during colder months, in dry climates, and as the skin naturally changes with age.
Healthy skin acts as a protective barrier that helps retain moisture and defend against environmental irritants. When this barrier becomes damaged, the skin may become rough, flaky, itchy, cracked, or sensitive. Although xerosis is often a simple cosmetic concern, severe dryness can lead to discomfort, inflammation, and increased risk of infections.
Causes and Symptoms of Xerosis
Dry skin develops when the skin barrier is unable to retain adequate moisture. This can occur due to environmental factors, lifestyle habits, medical conditions, or natural changes in the skin.
Common causes of xerosis include:
- Cold weather and low humidity
- Frequent bathing or showering, especially with hot water
- Harsh soaps, detergents, or fragranced skincare products
- Aging-related changes that decrease natural oil production
- Excessive sun exposure
- Certain medications that dry the skin
- Medical conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, diabetes, or thyroid disorders
Common symptoms include:
- Rough or scaly skin texture
- Flaking or peeling
- Itching or irritation
- Tightness or discomfort after cleansing
- Fine cracks or fissures in the skin
- Redness or inflammation
- Increased sensitivity to skincare products
In more severe cases, dry skin can progress to asteatotic eczema, where the skin becomes cracked and inflamed, often resembling a “crazy paving” or cracked porcelain appearance.
Treatment Options for Xerosis
Treatment focuses on restoring the skin barrier, improving hydration, and preventing moisture loss. Options may include:
- Moisturizers and emollients, including creams and ointments containing ingredients such as ceramides, glycerin, hyaluronic acid, and petrolatum to restore hydration
- Barrier repair products designed to strengthen the skin’s natural protective function
- Gentle cleansers that remove impurities without stripping away natural oils
- Humectants, such as urea or lactic acid, which help draw moisture into the skin and improve rough texture
- Topical corticosteroids or anti-inflammatory medications for areas with significant irritation or eczema-like inflammation
- Lifestyle modifications, including shorter lukewarm showers, avoiding harsh fragrances, and applying moisturizer immediately after bathing
A consistent skincare routine is essential, as dry skin often improves gradually with regular barrier repair and prevention strategies.
Clear Choice Dermatology Can Help
Clear Choice Dermatology provides expert evaluation and treatment for xerosis and other conditions that affect skin barrier health. Our dermatology providers can help identify the cause of persistent dryness, recommend effective skincare products, and determine whether an underlying condition may be contributing to your symptoms.
Whether you are experiencing seasonal dryness, sensitive skin, chronic itching, or skin changes related to aging, our team can help create a personalized skincare plan to restore comfort and healthier-looking skin.
Our Locations
Clear Choice Dermatology proudly serves patients across the Pacific Northwest with locations in Gearhart, Federal Way, Hillsboro, Lake Oswego, Longview, Port Angeles, Salem, Sandy, Silverdale, Tacoma, The Dalles, Warrenton, and Woodburn in Oregon and Washington, as well as through our affiliated care at Klickitat Valley Health.
Takeaway
Xerosis is a common but treatable condition caused by reduced moisture and disruption of the skin barrier. With the right skincare routine, moisturizing ingredients, and medical guidance when needed, dry and irritated skin can be improved and better maintained. At Clear Choice Dermatology, our providers are committed to helping patients achieve healthier, more comfortable skin through personalized dermatologic care.